# O4.3 Ensure secure and auditable data handling

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[O4: Assure data security by design](../principles/operational-principles/o4-assure-data-security-by-design)
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{% tab title="Risk" %}
[RS2 Digital insecurity](../risks/risks-to-safety), [RS1 Privacy vulnerability](../risks/risks-to-safety), [SV4 Technical shortcomings](../risks/risks-to-structural-vulnerabilities)
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L2: Strategy & Design
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## Practices

> * Adopt a federated and decentralized architecture to enhance privacy and resilience by distributing data and control.
> * Utilize tokenization and data masking, implement granular electronic consent frameworks, enforce end-to-end encryption, and employ digital signatures and verifiable credentials to ensure robust, auditable, and trustworthy data management and transactions.

## Resources

<table data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>References</strong></td><td></td><td>CDPI (N/d). DPI Tech Architecture Principles. Centre for Digital Public Infrastructure. https://docs.cdpi.dev/the-dpi-wikipedia/dpi-tech-architecture-principles</td></tr></tbody></table>
